On the basis of a brief comparison of theories such as (Durkheim's) proportional structuralism, (Darendorff's) contrastive structuralism, and (Habermas's) dialogical-concessive structuralism, the writer presents a discussion over issues such as the foundation of social solidarity and order, social crises, the causes of development, the pace of social changes, the process of development, the solutions of social crises and the foundations of political obedience. In this way, analysing the role of domestic actors in changing the apparently unflexible social formations of modern societies and in forming universal moralities seems to be crucially important. Finally, Islamic political thought (with an emphasis on Imam Khomeini's ideas) under the title of Selectional Transcendental School will be briefly discussed and some necessary parts will be presented.
)