The foreign policy of the Prophet’s state

There are no narrations or Qur’anic evidence for the division of the world into the World of Islam (Dar al-Islam) and the World of Enemies (Dar al-Harb) and it seems that jurisprudents did so under the influence of Roman law which divided the people into Roman citizens and enemies. However, there is no reason why one should not accept this division as a basis for analyzing the Prophet’s foreign policy. The available collection of evidence, from the Prophet, about the relationships of the Islamic state with the individuals, groups, and political units of the World of Enemies show that the Prophet did not have a pessimistic view towards the World of Enemies, did not consider them as being obliged to serve the Muslims, did not regard the aggression against their blood, properties, and honor as legitimate. On the other hand, due to his concern for the salvation of man, he tried to tenderly send them out of Dar al-Harb, to give refuge to them under mutual agreements, and to invite them to friendship and peaceful coexistence with the Muslims. Thus, his sayings and behaviors may be organized in relation with Dar al-Islam or Islamic state and Dar al-Harb or the state of the pagans. After that the foreign policy of the Islamic state can be depicted.