Understanding modern political thought requires some prerequisites. The conceptual history of politics dates back to about 3000 years ago, i.e. to Greece where political thought was born. Gradually during historical periods, political thought transformed as a result of various developments. In the modern age, it was deeply influenced by new scientific methods. Understanding the relationship between cognition and politics and the logic of the traditions of political thought is possible by means of two principles: distinguishing the original from politics and considering the relationship between the old and the new.