Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
2
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
3
MA student, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
10.22081/psq.2024.66730.2796
Abstract
One fundamental inquiry in political and legal discourse revolves around the essence of government, its duties, and the extent of its responsibilities. Throughout history, this question has been posed in various forms, evolving with the demands of different eras and civilizations. Particularly during the Iranian Constitutional Movement, the issue gained significant traction, prompting rigorous debate among intellectuals and scholars. This study delves into governmental obligations through the lens of a Constitutional Shiite jurist of that era, Muhammad Ismaʿil Gharavi Mahallati. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the research examines Mahallati's perspectives on various forms of monarchy, governmental obligations as outlined by figures such as Khorasani and Naini, and specifically, governmental duties according to Mahallati himself. It concludes that Mahallati espouses the principles of Constitutionalism, which advocate for the limitation of absolute power. He delineates seven primary obligations of government: tax collection, provision of military forces, maintenance of domestic security, judicial responsibilities, promotion of public welfare and utilities, safeguarding borders, and support for expatriate Iranians. Furthermore, the study elucidates Mahallati's proposed solutions after explicating his stance on these seven obligations.
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