Shaykh Shams Al-Din Mohammad Ben Makki Ameli known as the First Martyr is an outstanding Faqih from Jabal Amel in the Ayyubids Period. Trying to spread Shiism in an anti-Shiite environment and to have relationships with the Sarbedaran of Khorasan in Iran, he was imprisoned and finally martyred.
Relying on the relationship between religion and reason and the status of reason in religious precepts, he proposes his political ideas within the domain of the Shiite Fiqh, and studies the origin of the state according to this perspective. According to him, a desirable state can only be actualised by the prophet, the Imams, and a grand Faqih possessing all the requirements in the Period of Absence. The main point in his ideas lies in the specific conditions that he proposes for the dethronement of rulers. The status of people in the arena of political power and the mutual relationship between a person and the state are other important issues he discusses over.
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