The nature and typology of the principle of separation in war and jihad based on Islamic texts and international law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2 PhD student in Comparative Interpretation, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

10.22081/psq.2021.60704.2511

Abstract

The aim of the present study is a comparative study of the typology of the principle of separation in Islamic verses and hadiths and international treaties. Using descriptive-analytical method, it was shown that the principle of segregation, meaning the separation of military from civilian, is one of the most important principles of Islamic teachings and international law. While international humanitarian organizations presented it to the international community much later, in the contemporary period, in the form of international agreements. The types of the principle of segregation include segregation between individuals, possibilities, trials, weapons and methods of use in war. The verses that prohibit corruption and the destruction of property and generation, the rule of minister, justice and the denial of sin, refer to the prohibition of weapons of mass destruction and, in other words, to the principle of separation of permitted and unlawful weapons. Although the times of the prohibition of war and conflict are few in the international community, but in the Holy Qur'an and according to the principle of segregation, it has been dealt with explicitly.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

طبیعة مبدأ التمییز فی الحرب والجهاد وتصنیفاته طبقاً للنصوص الإسلامیة والقانون الدولی

Abstract [العربیة]

یهدف البحث الراهن إلى دراسة مقارنة لتصنیفات مبدأ التمییز فی الآیات والأحادیث الإسلامیة والمعاهدات الدولیة. تبیّن باستخدام المنهج الوصفی والتحلیلی أنّ مبدأ التمییز أی التمییز بین المقاتلین والمدنیین هو أحد أهم مبادئ التعالیم الإسلامیة والقانون الدولی وأنّ مضمون هذا المبدأ کان موضع اهتمام آیات القرآن والأحادیث، بینما قامت المنظّمات الإنسانیة الدولیة فی وقت لاحق وفی الفترة المعاصرة بتقدیمه إلى المجتمع الدولی بشکل اتفاقیات دولیة. یشمل مبدأ التمییز أنواعاً من قبیل التمییز بین الأفراد والأماکن والأوقات والأسلحة وطرق استخدامها فی الحرب. کما أنّ آیات الجهاد فی القرآن الکریم هی أقوى وثیقة فی الإسلام تؤکّد التمییز بین الممقاتلین والمدنیین، وأماکن الحرب وأوقاته، وأیضاً الأسالیب والأسلحة الحربیة. فالآیات المحرّمة للإفساد وإهلاک الحرث والنسل، وقاعدة الوزر، والقیام بالقسط واجتناب الإثم، جمیعها تدلّ على حظر أسلحة الدمارالشامل، وبعبارة أُخرى تدلّ على مبدأ التمییز بین الأسلحة المسموحة والأسلحة المحظورة. وعلى الرغم من أنّ أوقات الحرب والنزاع المحظورة قلیلة الاهتمام لدى المجتمع الدولی إلا أنّها أُولیت فی القرآن الکریم طبقاً لمبدأ التمییز اهتماماً جلیّاً.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الجهاد
  • مبدأ التمییز
  • المقاتلون
  • المدنیون
  • القانون الدولی الإنسانی

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Political Science
Volume 24, Issue 94
July 2021
Pages 55-76

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