The quiddity of language and its relationship with politics in Ghazali's thought

The issue of language as a central issue in the philosophical and political thought of the 20th century, despite having the capacity of discussion and opinion in the thought of some Muslim thinkers, has not been discussed much in Islamic studies. Meanwhile, in Ghazali's works, this subject has detailed chapters. The origin of Ghazali's Ash'ariism and his view on reason, and on the other hand considering language to be dependent on reason, and Abu Hamid's reformist approach and his socio-political concerns, make problematic the quiddity of language and its relationship with politics. The basic premise is that Ghazali's anti-philosophical tendency has reduced the place of reason in his thoght, and according to that, language is no more than an rhetorical tool. The following article, by studying the context and time and delving deeply into the works of this thinker, first deals with the formulation of the nature of language and its characteristics in Ghazali's thought, and then with attention to the definition of politics from his point of view, it is arrived to the necessity of correcting the initial assumption. The interdependence of the life of language and politics in Ghazali's thought, causes thinking and rationality to be found again in Ghazali's thought, despite the decline of the position of theoretical reason. Al-Ghazali's concern for reforming society and, consequently, his attention to the social and political functions of language leads to a relationship with deep influence and Influenceability between ethics, thought, and language, and at the same time, it also provides the possibility of the emergence of a Rational politics that considers the upbringing and reform of society. The social and political aspects of language, namely warning, debate, and enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, in Al-Ghazali's view, have a completely religious nature and serve to promote beliefs and reform society. However, overall, Al-Ghazali's language in these areas is peaceful - in contrast to his harsh and contemptuous language in Tahafat al-Falasifa - and empathetic to the "other", and is intensely argumentative and based on the assumption that the individual possesses reason and understanding. The issue of upbringing and the use of language equipped with ethics and thought to reform society is not compatible with the belief in determinism. All these results arise from the political and social attitudes and concerns of a thinker. Overall, the policy envisaged by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, which is based on an ethical and educative language, leads to the flourishing of thought, the moderation of determinism, moral confrontation between individuals in society, balance and harmony in society, and consequently the strengthening of social cohesion.