عقل ‏گرایى و نقل‏ گرایى در فقه سیاسى شیعه

The emergence of rationalist and traditionist approaches
among Moslems was the result of attention to different
verses of the Holy Quran, some denoting reasoning and
some denoting devotion. These different approaches to
Quran led to the formation of Mo'tazele and Asha'arites
schools among the Sunnites and Osuliyyun (rationalists) and
traditionists among the Shiites. This difference was the
cause for many religious and socio-political conflicts.
The development of rationalism in Imamiyye started in
Bagdad in the fourth century (AH) and continued up to
eleventh century, dominating Qum and Ray schools of
thought.
But, later, the intellectual and political changes resulted
in the revival of traditionism among the Shiite scholars.
And, as a result, traditionism dominated most intellectual
schools in Iran, Iraq, and Bahrain in 12th century.
However, with the scientific and practical measures of
Allameh Vahid Behbahani and his followers and Shaikh
Morteza Ansari, rationalism dominated once more.