نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم سیاسی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Before the onset of the popular uprisings in the Arab world, Egypt was among the stable countries of North Africa. However, it was not long before popular unrest spread to this nation as well. This study aims to explore the theoretical literature and investigate the nature and reasons behind these developments in Egypt, specifically examining the causes and contexts of the country's unsuccessful democratic transition. The main research question is: what factors led to Egypt's unsuccessful democratic transition in light of the Arab Spring? The hypothesis tested in response to this question posits that the failed democratic transition in Egypt resulted from conditions and factors such as the relative weakness of modernization variables—especially per capita income and a fragile middle class—the absence of a political community in Egypt, a lack of elite reconciliation, the role and behavior of the military, and the status of the community in Egypt. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the article collects data through documents and establishes logical connections among the data, subsequently extracting causal relationships between phenomena. The final data analysis is founded on the theory of transition to democracy, which encompasses various sub-theories that clarify their analytical outputs. The conclusion drawn is that whether in Egypt or in all societies that experience an unsuccessful transition to democracy, such a failure leads to a period of disillusionment regarding the attainment of democracy. Additionally, the internal contexts contributing to this unsuccessful transition are significantly more important than external factors, and when assessing the failures in transitioning to democracy, prioritizing internal variables is essential.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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